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Isn’t it obvious? Well, apparently not quite, when you consider how many people are still struggling with this topic!

The first concept you must grasp is that 3D means 3 dimensional and 2D means 2 dimensional. Now before you think I’m stating the obvious, let me go on to say that the 3D and 2D in animation refer to the dimension in which the animation was created. Ahhhh. The plot thickens eh?

For 2D animation, everything happens on a 2 dimensional platform. Pictures are flat, without depth and offer only one perspective. Objects and characters are usually drawn without the subtle soft shadows we see in real life and colours have few varying shades. In 3D animation, everything happens on a 3 dimensional platform. Pictures have depth and offer multiple perspectives just like in real life and have soft subtle shadows casted on the objects and characters within.

In 2D, characters look cartoonish and unrealisitc. In 3D, characters can look cartoonish but realistic at the same time.

Another way to think of this is to think in terms of a painting and a sculpture. 2D is a painting, and 3D is a sculpture. 3D introduces “depth perspective,” so we not only see a rectangle (2D) but a CUBE (3D). You may also want to think of it like being the difference between a photograph of a glass of water (2D) and being able to reach out and actually pick up the glass of water (3D).

Typically, 2D involves “drawing,” or movement on, say, a flat surface (sketch pad, etc.) or in the vertical and horizontal planes. 3D involves “modeling,” i.e., creating objects in 3-dimensions using a computer software, residing in an expansive virtual environment, complete with lights, reflections, other objects, shadows, etc.

You could start training yourself by comparing a cartoon like Bugs Bunny, Aladdin, Lion King (2D) to “Toy Story 1,2 & 3, “Finding Nemo” and “Incredibles” (3D). If you have not watched any of these great cartoons, you should grab one right away or be branded a neantherdal forever!

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Having worked for an Adobe Authorized Training Center for the last 10 years I often get asked from students what the difference is between between Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign.

Firstly, let me say that all three programs are in fact owned and developed by the same company, Adobe Systems, the World leader in Web development, graphic design and E-learning software. All three programs are also bundled together into Adobe’s Creative Suite, which is a great and affordable way to purchase this software.

I think part of the confusion, is that certain tasks can be done in more than one of these programs. For example you can find vector-drawing tools available inside Photoshop and InDesign, even though Illustrator is the predominant vector drawing program. The key to getting the most out of these three programs is to understand what their key functions are and how they can be used together.

Okay so lets look at each program separately. We’ll start with Adobe Photoshop, which is probably the best known out of the three. Photoshop is a professional image editing software primarily used for editing bitmap images and image manipulation. Bitmap images are images, which are defined by their pixel structure. In other words digital bitmaps can be broken down into millions of tiny pixels and each pixel has its own attributes. Bitmap images are sometimes also referred to as raster images.

The most common type of bitmap image is a photographic image. Whether shot on film and scanned into the computer or whether digitally shot, photos are made up of millions of tiny pixels. So simply put Photoshop is a tool used to edit photographic images. It also has the ability to do lots of other things but the core function of Photoshop is to edit Photographic images.

If you go down to your local newsagent and pick up any magazine, chances are very good that the images in that magazine would have been edited or altered using Photoshop. Sometimes the adjustments can be minor such as subtle lighting or sharpening adjustments, and other times they could be major like applying a filter or special effect. Photoshop is used for retouching – ever wonder why the models and movie stars never have any cellulite or a double chin – the answer is Photoshop. Often an image can comprise of a few different images with have been merged together to form a montage. This effect can also be created in Photoshop.

Adobe Illustrator on the other hand is a vector-drawing program. Vector images are the other main type of digital image. Unlike bitmaps, vectors are made up of a series of lines and shapes, which are defined as mathematical formulae. Vectors are very good for creating images, which contain large sections of the same color. So for example a navigation button on your web site, your company logo, or any non-photographic image would be better off created as a vector. Illustrator is the World’s premiere vector drawing tool, so if you were tasked with creating any kind of ‘flat’ art, such as a corporate profile, including logos, sign work, letterheads etc, chances are you would use Adobe Illustrator.

Adobe InDesign is the newest out of the three programs and is a page layout or publishing program. InDesign is used for putting together stuff like corporate brochures, documents, magazines, newsletters or advertisements. InDesign’s specialty is working with documents that contain a large amount of type or text.

Often designers will use all three programs on the same project. For example we recently created some new course outlines so we used Illustrator to create our logo and a few other vector graphics, we used Photoshop to apply a special shadow effect to some bitmap images, and finally we imported all those elements from Illustrator and Photoshop into InDesign where we added the copy and defined the layout.

Quality graphic design can make or break any company’s image. Adobe Creative Suite which includes Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign plus a little training can give you the vital edge to succeeding in a very competitive world.

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The ISO OSI model are explained below. The seven layers of the OSI model are:

Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Antiqua”>Data Link
Physical

1 Application layer:

This layer provides a means for the user to access information on the network through an application. Many user applications that need to communicate over the network interact with the Application layer protocol directly. The user applications are not part of OSI Application layer, use the networking services offered by the networking protocol suite. Application layer functions typically include identifying communication partners, and determining availability of required resources. Some examples of application layer implementations include Telnet, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

2 Presentation layer:

Presentation layer converts local host computer data representations into a standard network format for transmission on the network. On the receiving side, it changes the network format into the appropriate host computer’s format so that data can be utilized independent of the host computer. ASCII and EBCDIC conversions, cryptography, and the like are handled here.

Examples of Presentation layer coding and conversion schemes include common data representation formats, conversion of character representation formats, common data compression schemes, and common data encryption schemes.

Presentation layer implementations are not typically associated with a particular protocol stack. Some well-known standards for video include QuickTime and Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG). QuickTime is an Apple Computer specification for video and audio, and MPEG is a standard for video compression and coding.

3. Session layer:

The session layer establishes, manages, and terminates communication sessions. Communication sessions consist of service requests and service responses that occur between applications located in different network devices. These requests and responses are coordinated by protocols implemented at the session layer. Some examples of session-layer implementations include AppleTalk’s Zone Information Protocol (ZIP), and Decent Phase Session Control Protocol (SCP).

4.Transport layer:

Transport layer is responsible for providing reliable service between the hosts. Upper layer datagrams are broken down into manageable datagrams and then appropriate header information (such as sequence number, port number, etc.) is added to the datagram before passing it on to the Network layer. Two frequently used transport protocols are the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and the UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

Important features of Transport layer:

Transport layer ensures reliable service.

Breaks the message (from sessions layer) into smaller datagrams, and appends appropriate unit header information.

Responsible for communicating with the Session layer

Important features of TCP/UDP:

TCP/IP widely used protocol for Transport/Network layers
TCP: (Transport Control Protocol) TCP ensures that a packet has reached its intended destination by using an acknowledgement. If not, it retransmits the lost messages. Hence, TCP is called a connection oriented protocol.

UDP (Universal Data gram Protocol): UDP simply transmits packets over the internet. It does not wait for an acknowledgement. It is the responsibility of upper layer protocols to ensure that the information had reached the intended partner(s). Hence, UDP is often called connectionless protocol.

Application programs that do not need connection-oriented protocol generally use UDP.

5. Network layer:

Network layer is responsible for the routing of packets through the entire network. The layer uses logical addressing for this purpose. Note that the physical address (like MAC address) keeps changing from hop to hop when a packet travels from source to destination. As a result, an address that doesn’t change is required to ensure continuity between hops. This is nothing but logical address. For IP networks, IP address is the logical address; and for Novell network, IPX address is the logical address, and so on. This layer also provides for congestion control, and accounting information for the network. IP (Internet Protocol) is an example of a network layer protocol.

6. Data link layer:

Data link layer provides delivery of information frames between communicating partners. This layer is responsible for flow regulation, error detection and correction, and framing of bits for transmission. The network data frame is made up of checksum, source address, destination address, and the data itself. The largest frame size that can be sent is known as the maximum transmission Unit (MTU).

Important features of Data link layer:

Assembles bits into frames, making them ready for transmission over the network.

Provides error detection, and correction to transmitted frames. If the checksum is not correct, it asks for retransmission. (Send a control message).

Consists of two sub layers:

Logical Link Control (LLC): Defines how data is transferred over the cable and provides data link service to the higher layers.

Medium Access Control (MAC): Controls media access by regulating the communicating nodes using pre-defined set of rules. (i.e. Token passing, Ethernet [CSMA/CD] all have MAC sub-layer protocol).

Different Data link layer protocols define different network and protocol characteristics, including physical addressing, network topology, error notification, sequencing of frames, and flow control. Physical addressing (as opposed to logical addressing) defines how devices are addressed at the data link layer. The protocols used in Data link layer are SLIP, PPP, and CSLP.

7. Physical layer:

This is the bottom-most layer of the OSI model. The Physical layer handles the bit-level communications across the physical medium. The physical medium could be made up of wired electrical signals, or light, or radio (wireless) signals. Physical layer specifications define characteristics such as media, data rates, maximum transmission distances, and physical connectors.

Some of the important standards that deal with physical layer specifications are:

RS-232(for serial communication lines), X.21, EIA 232, and G730.

Physical layer and Data link layer implementations can be categorized as either LAN or WAN specifications.

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What exactly is a Shockwave Flash crash and what causes it in your browser? The problem becomes a great nuisance when the videos do not play on the internet. There may be some error with the Shockwave Flash plugins or some settings in your Windows. What you need to do is to maintain your computer and perform a little maintenance activities on it to get rid of such crashes.

The plugins contain various active-x components and they may conflict with each other which can cause the Flash content to crash on internet browsers. The first thing you should try to figure out is that whether you are having this problem in all browsers or just one browser. For instance, some people are experiencing Google Chrome Shockwave Flash crash only. If this is the case you could try fixing and repairing Windows Registry through some powerful registry repairing solution.

However, if you are encountering the same situation in all web browsers you should follow some concrete steps detailed in the following lines.

– Try to uninstall the Adobe Flash Player Active-X and Plug-in components and then reinstall Shockwave Flash Player as there could be traces of previous versions in the computer which are interfering and making it difficult for the browsers to properly display videos on your computer. You can do this from the user settings and manipulating the “Add/Remove” programs list.

– Try to use the latest Flash Player if your Flash Player 10 (or the current version) is not working fine. You can simply download it from the Adobe official web site.

– Update the drivers. Some of the softwares/hardware have their drivers available within the computer but you might have to download the files through internet and run these files on your computer to successfully update all of your computer drivers.

– The problem behind the Shockwave Flash crash could be your sound drivers. Follow these steps:

1) Open Device Manager

2) Look for the sound-card device

3) Note down the name for that device

4) Just uninstall the it.

5) After uninstalling restart your machine.

6) Your Windows 7 or Windows Vista would automatically download and reinstall the sound driver. You can also do it manually through approaching the sound card company’s web site.

– Fix your Windows Registry which is a highly recommended thing you should do to find a quick and reliable fix for common PC errors and crashes.

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Introduction

Submitting your resume online is quick and easy and is done in three different ways depending on the agency with whom you are submitting. Those who offer all three ways allow you to submit using their wizard that works you through the task. Alternatively, you can submit an MS Word DOC file or an Adobe PDF file, or submit into a template by cutting and pasting.

Tips for Preparation

Recruitment firms and employer clients search databases of thousands or tens of thousands of resumes. To reduce the number of responses returned, they filter using keyword knowledge, skills and attributes (KSAs) and personal information eg, age or gender.

It should make sense therefore that if you are looking for a project management job, that your resume contains the keywords “project management”, “project manager” and any variations.

So prepare your resume with this in mind using common keywords for the types of KSAs you have to your credit. Use as many keywords as possible without being dishonest about your experience eg, if you are an accountant, you could put accountant, accounts manager, finance manager, financial manager etc. Weave these throughout your resume at appropriate places.

Ideally, visit several recruitment sites to see what headings they are using. One heading I see, for example, which is not commonly on resumes is, “Willingness to relocate.” Once you’ve visited and recorded details, make your resume fit the headings you have seen at those sites.

When you’ve created your keywords and used headings worded the same as recruitment agents, file copies in MS Word in fully formatted mode and save a copy as a text (.TXT) file without formatting.

Submitting Your Resume

Now that you have your resume in several different file formats, it’s time to submit them to as many sites as possible. Some sites will allow you to submit multiple resumes. Take up their offer. If you have three types of employment you could apply for, submit at least three resumes, each laden with keywords from the different types of employment.

In my case I am an educator, human resources specialist and Internet marketer. So, I’d submit one resume laden with human resources keywords, another with education keywords and another with Internet marketing keywords. Get the idea?

Finally …

If possible, do some searches as though you were looking for a person with the same types of skills you have posted. See if anything comes up with your details. It won’t be the end of the world if it doesn’t, but it might be an interesting experiment.

Return periodically and update your resume with new keywords that describe the KSAs you have acquired since first submitting your resume.

Job hunting is like fishing, you need to cast a wide net. If you manage your resume submissions as I have stated, you will optimize your chances of winning the job you want by being found among a sea of resumes in a universe of databases.

Copyright 2006 Robin Henry | First published November 2006

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Dreamweaver 8 enables you to create “libraries” of items and page elements that you can re-use. A library stores common elements that may appear on multiple pages. By creating a library in Dreamweaver 8, you may edit the common element once instead of having to visit each page to make changes, corrections or updates.

Usually, elements like tables, Java applets, and standard text paragraphs are good candidates for library storage. The library will store these items in a master file. Changes to the master file are reproduced on each page on which the file appears. Creating a library in Dreamweaver 8 will be more useful for large sites that have elements that are repeated throughout the site. Creating a library in Dreamweaver 8 for a small site will not return much value.

Dreamweaver 8 comes with a library, but it is empty by default. To access the library, select Windows > Assets. The Library icon looks like an open book. Click the library icon and the Library panel will open.

Select the items you would like to save in the library. These elements could be text, image links, tables, tags or any other content

Choose the New Library Item button, shaped like a “+” sign integrated into a rectangle at the bottom of the pane. Your selected items will be placed in the library. Alternately, you may select Modify Library > Add Object To Library or you can simply drag the desired item to the Library pane.

Enter a name for your new Library item in the space provided and press “Enter.”

You may also create a placeholder for an element that you will include in a page but have not yet created. To create a placeholder library item, deselect everything on the active page and click the New Library Item button. Name your new library item. When you have created the element, you may return to the library and edit the placeholder to include the newly created element.

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Microsoft Business Solutions Great Plains has several options to enable web ordering. Traditionally Great Plains Dynamics/eEnterprise had eOrder – this is ASP pages based ordering application, enabling you to place or retrieve your Sales Order Processing (SOP) Sales Orders over the web. There were several drawbacks however with eOrder. You should be the customer in Great Plains company database to be able placing the orders. Also if you were planning to customize eOrder – you could only do cosmetic style changes only – if you wanted to alter scripts on the ASP pages – then you would have very serious eOrder upgrade issues. Upgrade simply wipes out your custom scripts and you had to reapply your customization to new version enriched ASP pages. Instead of following the way to move eOrder to ASPX or .Net platform – MBS introduced eConnect, enabling web designer to “connect” eCommerce site to Great Plains backend. This is very elegant module and solution, however we are hearing a lot of complaints from developers on eConnect restrictions.

o SOP Invoice posting. It is not enabled in eConnect. However you should probably first understand the architecture of Microsoft Great Plains. Order takers supposed to enter Sales Order and submit it (place in the batch and save) to the manager for approval (taking off transfer/print/post holds). eConnect enables you to create or update Great Plains objects, but it doesn’t allow you to process them (post) – this would open a gap in the security/approval cycle.

o Order Transfer. Again – this is similar problem to the invoice posting. Both Order and Invoice could be subject to holds and approvals. eCommerce logic might need partial or full order transfer to invoice or even backorder, based on the item availability status.

Why would you then need to purchase eConnect? Maybe just go ahead and program the connection in SQL stored procedures? The answer is – eConnect allows you to allocate items in Great Plains Inventory Control module. It would take you a lot of time (if you are new to Great Plains tables structure and never coded in Great Plains Dexterity). Plus eConnect allows you to create and update customer record in Great Plains – this is however relatively simple to imitate in the stored procedure.

Then what is the solution?

o Do not allow order transfer and posting through eCommerce. This is probably the best advise we could give you – just create orders, or invoices, leave them to the Great Plains user to approve and post. However in some cases it is absolutely critical and required

o Look for Invoice posting stored proc on the market. You are not the first and not the last one to face this dilemma – somebody already has it implemented (SOP10200, SOP10100, SOP30200, SOP30300 tables)

o Microsoft Small Business Financials or former Microsoft Small Business Manager. In your case – you need the whole set of stored procedures to enable eCommerce

Great Plains version: more likely you are using eConnect for Great Plains Standard or Great Plains Professional 7.5, 8.0 and in the future 8.5 or 9.0

Good luck in e-Commerce developing and if you have issues or concerns – we are here to help! If you want us to do the job – give us a call 1-866-528-0577! help@albaspectrum.com

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What is NWIZ.EXE?

NWIZ.EXE is part of NVidia’s Nview features installable alongside it’s graphics hardware products as part of its driver package. This application will give the user access to additional features which allow the configuration, preferences and optimization of settings of up to 32 monitors on a host computer, or to expand the desktop across many monitors. This program is set to start automatically upon installation however it is not essential for the running of the Operating System as you can run it when you need to. It is advised that you disable this program so that it does not take up necessary resources.

NWIZ.EXE is a program which could have been installed by you, or may have even arrived on your computer the day you purchased it as this may have been preinstalled software. Always verify where its located on your hard drive, as this makes sure it is not spyware or adware simply placed elsewhere on your computer, and using the same name in an attempt to fool you. The file location will be in your registry under hkey local machine, shown as
Run: [nwiz] nwiz.exe /install

It will also be found in either your system32 or system folder depending on the Windows Operating System you have.

Security Threat

The nwiz.exe process on your Windows Task Manager without having an NVidia graphics card is usually a sign that your computer has been infected with the Gaobot or Agobot.iq viruses/trojans. Also even if you have NVidia card you should be cautious especially if you notice two or more processes named NWIZ.EXE. However if you may have an NVidia graphics card, part of the NVidia drivers software will also run a process with this name.

A number of users have also complained about NWIZ.EXE and its performance when running, eating up a lot of memory resources just to be in the system tray.

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The desktop of your PC is deceptive. What appears to you to be a serene, well organized environment is merely a mask hiding the chaotic dance of dozens of processes simultaneously running in the background. Most of these are essential to your PC’s operation, some are unnecessary and simply wasting your system’s resources, but a few could be malicious applications. Protecting your PC from viruses, spyware and other unwanted programs requires more than just having the latest firewall or the most up-to-date antivirus software. To protect your computer, data and personal information, you need to know exactly what is running on your PC.

The first step is to look at all the processes currently running. You do this through the Processes tab in Task Manager. If you are running Windows XP, simultaneously press Ctrl-Alt-Del, or right-click the task bar at the bottom of the screen to open the Task Manager. In Windows Vista you can either simultaneously press Ctrl-Shift-Esc, or right-click the task bar at the bottom of the screen.

You now find yourself presented with a long, and rather cryptic, list of every application currently utilizing your processor, as well as, how much of the processor each is using. Some processes you may be able to readily decipher because they directly relate to a program that you are running at the time, such as iexplore.exe (Internet Explorer), WINWORD.exe (Microsoft Word), or TASKMGR.exe (Task Manager).

Most, however, will not be so obvious. For example, you will see svchost.exe with multiple entries on the list and, consequently, occupying a lot of your processing power. You might wonder if this application is truly necessary and what effect ending the process will have on your system. (Actually, svchost.exe is the part of the Windows Operating System that handles processes executed from DLL’s and is very important for the stable and secure running of your PC.)

Not all applications on the list are necessary. When you install software on your computer, the program will usually set itself up in your startup list. Every time you start up your PC each program on that list will install itself into your computer’s memory whether you are going to use it or not. Needless to say, these programs are merely wasting your system’s resources when not in use and could be stopped without any adverse effect on your PC’s operation.

Occasionally, despite having the latest firewall or the most up-to-date antivirus software a malicious application finds its way on to your PC. Since the list of processes found in Task Manager is quite cryptic, and it’s not exactly practical to commit to memory every legitimate process running on your PC, being able to determine the nature of each process is essential to the efficiency and security of your PC.

Finding out what each process is and how important it is to your PC’s operation isn’t as daunting of a task as it might seem at first. You can enter the name a process into your favorite search engine to find out that it does, or there are websites that can provide you with information about the processes, such as whether they’re friend or foe, or if they’re critical or if they’re just wasting your system’s resources.

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Cinema 4D provides some powerful tools to navigate including the viewport special views and tools. Ultimately, these same tools provide your imagination with possibilities of what you can share with your viewer. You might say, the more you know about navigation, the more of a ‘real life’ experience you can present to your audience.

We will benefit from some simple props in this tour so lets create a project, create a cube and sphere, move them apart, then create a camera. You can find the camera object under the ‘light object’ menu, between the deformers and emittters. The icon has a bright light appearance with 4 arrows leaving at 45 degree angles.

With your objects close together, from the perspective view, render your active view choosing the first render icon on the left (the render icons looks like a movie director’s clapboard). Adjust your camera slightly. Now click the ‘camera object’ icon next to your camera under the ‘Objects’ column and render again.

Even with the default settings it is easy to see how you can present a customized, controlled view using the camera’s point of view. The four icons at the upper right hand of the stage control your viewports (see previous article ‘Cinema 4D Viewports’) and as you explore your view options, the controls are aligned with your chosen object. If you are viewing your stage with no objects chosen and no adjustments made, your render view will be looking at the center stage at the default distance.

Any adjustments you make in your zoom level, horizontal or vertical view will become your render view. As you make adjustments to the view this will become the render and if you change ‘active objects’, the view will be adjusted from that object’s perspective. Helpful shortcut keys as you begin to explore your viewing options are the ‘h’ key which will bring into focus all the objects you have defined. Try adding another object, zoom out a bit and place it just inside your stage view, then zoom in a bit where it is no longer visible. Now issue the ‘h’ key and you will see your new view includes all three objects just slight outside the last object you added. If you want to focus on any single object, make it active by clicking on it (you always see it’s ‘mesh’ highlighted when you choose an object), then enter the ‘o’ key. This shortcut focuses your design view on this single object.

In the upper left hand side of your stage is a set of further viewing options which allow you to filter, frame, make camera adjustments, and choose from a rich selection of display options which all help you focus on your design, the star of the show.

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